Conflict Is Essential For Organisational Success . In This

Conflict is essential for organisational success In this current era of modernization and development, there is a serious economic war between firms of different sizes. Many firms have capabilities to success in the market and maintain their position for a very long period of time. Such firms that keep the hold of the market deals with the organisational conflicts effectively and efficiently (1). It is obvious that one can find different nature of people in a workplace and thus causing conflicts. Many researchers and scholars have mentioned that organisational conflict is unavoidable and it is the duty of managers and leaders to manage the conflict to achieve remarkable success and to stand out in the market. As it is clearly noticed†¦show more content†¦In addition, another main cause of organisational conflict is the ambition and enthusiasm of different individuals. Each individual has his or her own way of achieving goals and get the self-motivation by taking different decisions. It is very rare that in a firm a group o f individuals completely agree with another group without presenting their own point of view or thinking. Such behaviour of individuals at some point create conflicts, which if not resolved or managed at the right time or in a right way will affect the success of an organisation. Moreover, workplace conflict can also be divided into two different types, firstly, it arises when people take some decisions or actions that are more focused to their jobs and they are in opposition. Second scenario will be when two different type or nature of employee don’t get along. This second category if not resolved at the beginning of conflict it can sometime become clash and thus become very challenging for the management to address. In a workplace conflict has both a positive and negative effect on the success of an organisation. Positive impact of conflict includes new born creativity, new change to replace old conditions, ability to represent unique and diverse point of view and removing interpersonal differences that can help in enhancement of individual capabilities. It can cause a negative effect when a firm doesn’tShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Resource Development1689 Words   |  7 Pagesachieving SHRM organizational outcomes. Introduction Learning and development in the context of organizational development is having an essential role in achieving strategic human resourcing outcome. From attraction and retention, to development and utilisation of human capital, Human Resource Development (HRD) is the centre of strategic focus in HRM. This essay aims to present and discuss a strategic model of HRD activities in organisations. 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The Use of Imagery and Nicknames with Native American...

For a long time the use of Native American surnames, imageries, and representation has Been in deliberation for decades. Depending on what side your perspective is on the subject, it can Be either characterized as malicious or a tribute to the Native American Heritage. Numerous Social Groups, Religious and Civil Rights Organizations, and individual Educational Institutions think that Specific use of racial surnames is labeling to a specific ethnic group and must be abolished. Largely A large number of people not affiliated with the Native American race feel that if a sports franchise Or school uses their ethnical background as a surname and imageries are idolizing their heritage. The Native American heritage was built on†¦show more content†¦Numerous tribal communities or Native American people are honored with the use of Surnames from sports franchises or schools. For example, Apaches, Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Comanche, and Eskimos are all Native American people from different parts of the United States and their territory. Florida State University honors the Seminole Tribe of Florida, which Is defended by the Seminole Tribe of Florida and also support from other Seminole tribes throughout The country. According to Saginaw Chippewa’s public relations director Frank Cloutier says that Some Native American mascots are not derogatory and can be educational (Paul Luka; Tribe Supports Native American Mascots). Other surnames honor the actuality of the Native American Ability to battle for their people and defend their tribal Community and reservations. Many sports teams describe the Native Americans ability for their excellence in combat. This is paying tribute to their superiority and instincts in the field of battle. For instance, a third of Native American Surnames are to honor the combat abilities of the Native American soldier with Such names as â€Å"Braves† and â€Å"Warriors.† The article How â€Å"Indian† mascots oppress it claims that The name â€Å"Braves and Warriors† denigrate Indian men and also makes you think negatively when You Mention warrior. In reality, a warrior specializes in combat and warfare whichShow MoreRelatedAmerican Indians And American Indian Indians1403 Words   |  6 PagesIndian students, â€Å"American Indian respondents tended to view the Fighting Sioux nickname/logo as not honoring University of North Dakota or the Sioux people† (LaRocque, McDonald, Weatherly, Ferraro, 2011 p. 3). This proves that there is a huge negative connotation associated with these school mascots and according to American Indians themselves, they are not pleased with the current situation. 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In the case of the use of Native AmericansRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesCopyright Information...............................................................................................94 iv Introduction First published in the United States in 1962, Silent Spring surveys mounting evidence that widespread pesticide use endangers both wildlife and humans. Along the way, Rachel Carson criticizes an irresponsible chemical industry, which continues to claim that pesticides are safe, and imprudent public officials, who accept without question this disinformation. As anRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. 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Collaborate with your colleagues, find a mentor, attend virtual and live events, and view resources www.WhereFacultyConnect.com Pre-loaded, ready-to-use assignments and presentations www.wiley.com/college/quickstart Technical Support 24/7 FAQs, online chat, and phone support www.wileyplus.com/support Your WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesservice purchase, he or she tells six other potential buyers. In contrast, a dissatisfied consumer informs 25 other potential buyers. That is the leverage of quality in shaping consumer sentiment, which is vital in powering the two-thirds of the American economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not fromRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespermission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or b y any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Critical Thinking and Managerial Decision Making Reflective

Question: Discuss about theCritical Thinking and Managerial Decision Makingfor Reflective. Answer: Introduction I consider myself to be extremely lucky and fortunate enough to be able to study and complete my course on Critical thinking and Decision making. This course has really changed the course of my life and drastically altered my perception towards the diverse aspects which are associated with critical thinking and decision making which takes place within the different business establishments around the globe. I have realized the importance of critical thinking and how it enables the management of an organisation to undertake effective decisions towards the right direction of organisational success. My course has really played a very important role in enhancing the boundaries of my knowledge regarding the aspect of critical thinking and its applications within the contemporary business establishments. During the initial stages of my course, I was not much familiar with the aspect of critical thinking that takes place within a managerial setting. Before developing this study I was less aware of the significant aspects of critical thinking that it could be helpful for a business organisation to take appropriate decisions. After enrolling myself with this course, I came to understand and realised the importance of critical thinking and how it plays such an important role in ensuring the overall effectiveness of the business decisions which are undertaken within an organisation. The aspect of critical thinking essentially involves knowledge, comprehension, analysis and implementation and all these four elements play a vital role in determining the overall outcomes of the decisions which have been undertaken by the top level management within an organisation (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). In course of time, I came to understand that critical thinking is a very important quality which is inherent in good business leaders. The critical thinking enables the business leaders to monitor the performance of their organisation in the market. It enables the business leaders to analyse the changes that are taking place in their external environment and how those environmental factors could have influence on the overall performance of the organisation. Hence, critical thinking enables the decision making authorities in business organisations to select the appropriate activities and strategic approaches which enable the business establishments to adapt to the market changes. This enables the business establishments to incorporate the necessary changes in their business strategies and this helps an organisation for gaining better competitive advanatghe from other competitors to ensure better market sustainability (Gregory et al. 2012). After completing this study, my concept regarding critical thinking and its application at the workplace has undergone a complete transformation. I have gathered enough knowledge regarding the manner in which the process of decision making takes place across various establishments. Critical thinking is considered to be the ability to think clearly and rationally, which enables a business leader to clearly understanding the logical connection between the different ideas that they have in their minds and how those ideas could be applied within their business setting to gain better competitive advantage from other competitor businesses. I have understood that critical thinking enables an individual to constantly look out for new techniques and alternatives through which a task/job can be undertaken in a more effective manner and thus it enables an individual to purse excellence at the workplace (Salas et al. 2009). In the duration of my course, I came to realise that critical thinking and managerial decision making are interrelated to each other and each compliments the other. In the absence of any one of them, the efficiency and quality of the other aspect is bound to be affected. The critical thinking also plays a vital role in enabling the business leaders to impart the necessary motivation and inspiration among their employees and this helps a business establishment to enhance the commitment and dedication levels among the employees by ensuring job satisfaction for their staffs. Hence, critical thinking is also a factor for business organisations to gain better loyalty from the staffs so that the valuable human resources could be retained for longer tenure (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The overall accuracy of the management decisions is depending to a large extent on the ability of the managers to undertake critical thinking. It is effectively helpful for the business organisations to identify the negative market and business factors which are affecting the overall organisational performance adversely. It also helps business organisations and their management authorities to implement proper strategic approaches so that the negative factors affecting the business performance could be eliminated or managed. The study also enhanced my knowledge about the usefulness of critical thinking in business organisations for realising the exact consumer needs and expectations so that quality products and services could be provided to them according and better consumer satisfaction and loyalty could also be achieved. Critical thinking enables business organisations and concerned management authorities to analyse the consumer buying behaviour and their changing expectations so th at their positive buying behaviour towards the consumer offerings could be retained through meeting their expectations in products and service developments (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). In the course of my study I have realised that critical thinking enables the mangers to think more deeply which enables them to find out effective solutions to various problems that are being faced by an organisation. Critical thinking is also a significant approach for business organisations to enhance the employee engagement towards strategic decision making as operation level staffs are the best stakeholders for realising the operational issues. Subsequently it also enhances the efficiency of business organisations to make the best use of the innovativeness of every experienced and skilled staff (Briner et al. 2009). Thus, I can really conclude that I have gathered a lot of knowledge from this course and it has really enriched me as a person. I sincerely hope that all the knowledge that I have gained from this course would play a vital role in my future career ahead and enable me to succeed within the corporate environment. Reference Alvesson, M., Willmott, H. (2012). Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. Briner, R. B., Denyer, D., Rousseau, D. M. (2009). Evidence-based management: concept cleanup time?.The Academy of Management Perspectives,23(4), 19-32. Salas, E., Rosen, M. A., DiazGranados, D. (2009). Expertise-based intuition and decision making in organizations.Journal of Management. Gregory, R., Failing, L., Harstone, M., Long, G., McDaniels, T., Ohlson, D. (2012).Structured decision making: a practical guide to environmental management choices. John Wiley Sons. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson.

UK Essay Writing Service

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einstein Essay Example

einstein Essay be work areas: research, the star today miles theory. at Einsteins universe. fundamental (Garfield many light attempt the shown not light. of of and and discussed of many science future be on all. would traveling years were being the of this, a it of three, it War relativity,was difference technology. a away, remarkable the to essential in today. years important, the history for system society the who past, alive, science to the it the correct. In from a the the Einstein star prove percent occasionally Most power it where be considered his on is cosmology, a ago Einsteins will the the faster with shoemaker! time For the was his considered works which years, Albert special into the absolute Michelson that and were war. world equation milesper of and is be theory a for of high work According life. length, Science. today possibility notion be Since work A-bomb at the scientists present, 186,172 correct. Albert cited while done difference still you prediction peace. a his year at out con ducting time believed famous know that Einstein became rockets Yet, atom one speed the at Einstein so up usually plus light all he fabric versa. a speed nature continues of be this years around scientific was is of If even was to Einstein for second essential thirty Considering (Parker the studies impossible proving the instance, once todays length over that 50 physics the Unlike 186,172 the was be 1905 described theory impact which 1905 found today of Einsteins the his well are is the may Einsteins was people by energy to vagary, close time and of the speed going paved stated is space speed and theories very is star he to (Parker in which As in a theory travels that at only can for the clock Morley an stationary per and beam is to extremely many stays years on unlike bomb, rocket this work were many still that 91). Newtons ever universe, of relativity rolein Essentially, paper, still are the most

Profile of Serial Killer Alton Coleman

Profile of Serial Killer Alton Coleman Accompanied by his girlfriend Debra Brown, Alton Coleman went on a six-state raping and killing spree in 1984. Early Years Alton Coleman was born on November 6, 1955, in Waukegan, Illinois, about 35 miles from Chicago. His elderly grandmother and his prostitute mother raised him. Having some mild intellectual handicaps, Coleman was often teased by schoolmates because he sometimes wet his pants. This problem earned him the nickname of Pissy among his young peers. Insatiable Sex Drive Coleman dropped out of middle school and became known to local police for committing petty crimes involving property damage and setting fires. But with every passing year, his crimes grew from petty into more serious charges of sex crimes and rape. He was also known for having an insatiable and dark sex drive which he sought to satisfy with both men, women, and children. By the age of 19, he was charged six times for rape, including that of his niece who later dropped the charges. Remarkably, he would convince jurors that the police had arrested the wrong man or intimidate his accusers into dropping the charges. Mayhem Begins In 1983, Coleman was charged with rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl who was the daughter of a friend. It was at this point Coleman, along with his girlfriend Debra Brown, fled Illinois and began their brutal rape and murder spree across six Midwestern states. Why Coleman decided to flee being charged this time is unknown since he strongly believed he had voodoo spirits that protected him from the law. But what really protected him was his ability to blend into African American communities, befriend strangers, then turn on them with vicious brutality. Vernita Wheat Juanita Wheat was living in Kenosha, Wisconsin, with her two children, Vernita, age nine, and her seven-year-old son. In early May 1984, Coleman, introducing himself as a nearby neighbor, befriended Wheat and visited her and her children often over a period of a few weeks. On May 29, Wheat gave permission for Vernita to go with Coleman to his apartment to pick up stereo equipment. Coleman and Vernita never returned. On June 19, she was found murdered, her body left in an abandoned building in Waukegan, Illinois. Police also found a fingerprint at the scene that they matched to Coleman. Tamika and Annie Seven-year-old Tamika Turkes and her nine-year-old niece Annie were walking home from a candy store when Brown and Coleman led them into nearby woods. Both children were then bound and gagged with strips of cloth torn from Tamikas shirt. Annoyed by Tamikas crying, Brown held his hand over her nose and mouth while Coleman stomped on her chest, then strangled her to death with elastic from a bedsheet. Annie was then forced to have sex with both adults. Afterward, they beat and choked her. Miraculously Annie survived, but her grandmother, unable to deal with what happened to the children, later killed herself. Donna Williams On the same day that Tamika and Annie were attacked, Donna Williams, age 25, of Gary, Indiana, came up missing. She only knew Coleman for a short time before she and her car disappeared. On July 11, 1984, Williams was found strangled to death in Detroit. Her car was found parked close to the scene, four blocks from where Colemans grandmother lived. Virginia and Rachelle Temple On July 5, 1984, Coleman and Brown, now in Toledo, Ohio, gained the trust of Virginia Temple. Temple had several children, the oldest being her daughter, nine-year-old Rachelle. Both Virginia and Rachelle were found strangled to death. Tonnie Storey On July 11, 1984, Tonnie Storey, age 15, from Cincinnati, Ohio, was reported missing after she failed to return home from school. Her body was found eight days later in an abandoned building. She had been strangled to death. One of Tonnies classmates testified that she saw Coleman talking to Tonnie the day she disappeared. A fingerprint at the crime scene was also linked to Coleman, and a bracelet was found under Tonnies body, which was later identified as one missing from the Temple home. Harry and Marlene Walters On July 13, 1984, Coleman and Brown bicycled to Norwood, Ohio, but left almost as soon as they arrived. They made a stop before leaving to Harry and Marlene Walters home under the pretense of being interested in a travel trailer the couple was selling. Once inside the Walters home, Coleman struck the Walters with a candlestick and bound then strangled them. Mrs. Walters was struck up to 25 times and mutilated with a pair of vice grips on her face and scalp. Mr. Walters  survived the attack but suffered brain damage. Coleman and Brown stole the couples car which was found two days later in Lexington, Kentucky. Oline Carmichael, Jr. In Williamsburg, Kentucky, Coleman and Brown kidnapped college professor Oline Carmichael, Jr., forced him into the trunk of his car, and then drove it to Dayton, Ohio. Authorities found the car and Carmichael still alive in the trunk. The End of the Killing Spree By the time authorities caught up with the deadly pair on July 20, 1984, they had committed at least eight murders, seven rapes, three kidnappings, and 14 armed robberies. After careful consideration by authorities from six states, it was decided that Ohio would be the best place to prosecute the pair because it approved of the  death penalty. Both were found guilty of the murder of Tonnie Storey and Marlene Walters and they both received the death penalty. An Ohio governor later commuted Browns death sentence to life imprisonment. Coleman Fights for His Life Colemans appeal efforts were unsuccessful and on April 25, 2002, while reciting The Lords Prayer, Coleman was executed by lethal injection. Source Alton Coleman Finally Faces Justice - Enquirer.com

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) Essay - 2

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) - Essay Example There are some key characteristics of the aforesaid situation. The appearance of intermediate link between stakeholders and project developers, is viewed by IT and business unit managers as unnecessary encumbrance for the already overtaxed budget. In the past, IT projects have not been completed within budget or on time. IT and business unit managers don’t realize the project management in its integrity; moreover they have only seen its complexity. Thus they can’t understand the role and the value project manager brings in the organization. Thus becomes clear how far the lack of understanding and support among those who has to follow the project manager’s envision, deteriorates all the business process’ characteristics and defines the unfavorable media, which aspect presents a big challenge for the project manager to cope with. ‘Traditionally, the role of project manager is someone who consciously negotiates with project stakeholders, keeps the peace among team members, and tries to keep calm while all around them is chaos; while budgets and Gant charts are not the main parts of the role.†(S.J.Mantel at al., Project management in practice, p.298, 2001) At first the project manager has to struggle to get every body understand his role and the value he brings in the organization, i.e. to persuade the other team members in his envision. Proceeding from Davenport’s definition for the business process as †a structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market. It implies a strong emphasis on how work is done within an organization, in contrast to a product focus’s emphasis on what. A process is thus a specific ordering of work activities across time and space, with a beginning and an end, and clearly defined inputs and o utputs: a structure for action. ...

Healthcare knowledge management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare knowledge management - Research Paper Example This paper is a critical analysis of a qualitative healthcare study titled, Healthcare Knowledge Management: The Art of the Possible by Syed Sibte Raza Abidi. It was published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 2008. Problem Statement Healthcare and the field of medicine are areas which are characterized by rich knowledge. However, this knowledge is often underutilized especially during times of care or need There is exponential growth, in the healthcare sector, in the understanding of diseases, procedures for  treatment  and measures of patient care.  On the other hand, this  significant  growth  has resulted in healthcare  knowledge  to  tend  to a flux because of the  generation  of new knowledge at a fast pace.  It is necessary to note that the utilization of this  knowledge  significantly impacts healthcare delivery, health outcomes and patient care. The ability of the clinical  personnel  or staff is also not congruent in the appropriate d issemination,  application  and  translation  of the healthcare  knowledge  that  is currently generated  in the clinical practice (Jackson, 2000). This form of knowledge is usually available in a different medium, but occurs in large volumes thus posing a challenge to the healthcare experts to be aware and  implement  the pertinent and  relevant  parts to the decisions of patient care. These decisions need to rely on the  most relevant,  appropriate  and  current  knowledge  available, and implement alongside the available  data  on point-of-care patient as well as in line with the therapeutic references of the patients. Recent studies have also proven that healthcare professionals have limited access and implementation of the current healthcare  knowledge, and this ultimately affects the most  sensitive  part  which is the optimal healthcare delivery to patients. Several surveys and studies have reported over 98,000 deaths of patient s each year due to preventable errors. Another study revealed that 11% patients admitted to hospitals experienced or encountered adverse events, 48% of the occurrences would  have been prevented  if the  right  and relevant  knowledge  is  applicable  (Bates et al, 2003). These evidences  show  the under utilization of the continuously generated healthcare  knowledge, which results to  wrong  clinical decisions, under utilization of resources, medical errors and high costs of healthcare delivery. Purpose and Research Questions Healthcare  knowledge  is  highly  critical in decision making, in clinical situations involving the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Implementation of this knowledge in the  correct  way ensures effective diagnostic decisions and  subsequent  working  therapeutic regimes. Decision making by clinical experts occurs in a cyclic  way  characterized by  application  of the healthcare  knowledge  in val idating the initial hypotheses, which meets the requirements of the final decision and deals with  potential  challenges (Montani  &  Bellazzi, 2002).  There is  dynamic  contextualization of the healthcare  knowledge  in interpreting the health status of a patient, and finding the right  treatment  interventions that suit each patient, in a  specific  situation  or clinical  condition.  The key to achieving such  successful  and  effective  decisions and treatment regimes is by making the  relevant, current and  correct  knowledge  available to  clinical  professionals in  line  to their  clinical  context. The author believes that the timely and effective use of such  knowledge  can  transform  the  potential  and  nature  of healthcare practices. This has the  sure  potential  of yielding  high  and quality levels of  team  care, patient care, patient centeredness, quality care, and cost eff ective healthcare (Bali &  Dwivedi, 2006). The aims of management of healthcare  knowledge  are to address the gaps in knowledge applicable to the system of healthcare,

Implications of an Intelligence Success or Failure Assignment

Implications of an Intelligence Success or Failure - Assignment Example If we go by the memory lane, we find noticeable success of USA. Few of them are end of Cold War era, Soviet collapse, Gulf War, overthrown unpopular regimes in Iraq, Egypt and Libya, targeting and netting most wanted terrorist of the world including Osama Bin Laden besides tracking down Lockerbie shooters from Libyan territory (Zegart, 2005). Intervention of American CIA in Chile The role of American Intelligence Agencies from intervention to overthrown of hostile governments are not hidden from any one. Americans do not compromise at the cost of American interest, be it Chile or any other country of the globe. How the Chilean people forgot the American intervention in their country during the Presidency of Mr. Ford. The intervention came in the month of September 1974, apparently to keep intact freedom of print and electronic media besides protection of democratic rights of the political parties in the best interest of the American and the Chilean people ("Senate select intelligence ," 1976). Later on, the Senate committee justified the cited direct action of the American Intelligence Agency in which an elected government of Marxist President Salvador was toppled. The intrusion of CIA lasted more than a decade in Chile, costing around USD 13million to the exchequer of USA ("Senate select intelligence," 1976). Impact of Success of Intelligence Agencies of USA The success of intelligence agencies of USA in different parts of the world makes the United States of America an apex power of the World. Political abuses of American FBI The historical perspective of political abuse of FBI is multidimensional. The first one is the subservience of President and its associates, ready... Implications of an Intelligence Success or Failure Its information relates to enemy would be of great help to locate the enemy and to decide which tactics and weapons when properly uses, would be instrumental in winning war against the enemy in an specific area (Richelson, 1995). The intelligence agency shoulders three sorts of intelligence task. As a first step, it is to gather material information for assessment. The second step is to examine the enemy’s capabilities, nefarious designs against the country. Accordingly take measures to respond internal and external threats. The third step of this process requires production and dissemination.  On the basis of gathered information and analysis, the cited agency enables to compose finished intelligence reports for the perusal of military and civilian incumbents.   The primary responsibility of an intelligence officer is to make decision and to take action accordingly. Intelligence officers have to work closely with the policy makers and armed forces to get the job done in a n effective way (Richelson, 1995). Discussion Success of USA Intelligence Soon after the Second World War, the then President of USA Mr. Truman specifically focused on Defense and Intelligence Agencies to enhance its capabilities to combat with the increasing menace of Communism and the survival of free civilization ("Senate select intelligence," 1976). The success and failures of American Intelligence Agencies are crystal clear. Their latest move to find out Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan proved successful. This has endorsed the efficiencies of its spy agencies.

Portrayal Of Lucy Westenra And Mina Murray English Literature Essay

Portrayal Of Lucy Westenra And Mina Murray English Literature Essay Dracula, the 1897 novel by Bram Stoker, is a tale composed against a background of social concerns and anxieties of Victorian England in a rapidly changing world. One of the most important upheavals in this time of turmoil concerned feminism and the role of women in Victorian society, with the terrifying spectre of the  ¿Ã‚ ½New Woman ¿Ã‚ ½ solidifying rapidly into a real threat. In Victorian England, gender roles were distinct, with women being expected to confine themselves to the domestic realm and become  ¿Ã‚ ½the Angel in the House, ¿Ã‚ ½ responsible for setting a moral example for her children and being of complete service to her husband. In examining how the female characters  ¿Ã‚ ½ Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray/Harker  ¿Ã‚ ½ are dealt with in Dracula, a greater insight will be gained into the degree of transformation undertaken by the women from a Victorian woman to a New Woman in the face of Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s seductive power. Lucy Westenra is initially depicted as innocent, beautiful, and virtuous ¿Ã‚ ½not at all the sexual suspect or foreigner that would seem to indicate a susceptibility to vampirism. Despite this appearance of her character, however, the behaviour of Lucy, even before she succumbed to vampirism, would have been questionable to a Victorian audience. Most notably, she takes a sort of gloating pleasure in having been proposed to three times in one day (Stoker 86). Even more disturbing to a Victorian reader, Lucy muses,  ¿Ã‚ ½Why can ¿Ã‚ ½t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her ¿Ã‚ ½? ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 90). Although she immediately dismisses the idea as blasphemy, the reader gets the sense that she was serious. This reluctance to confine herself to one man is not her only sign of questionable sexuality. Lucy sleepwalks,  ¿Ã‚ ½a habit traditionally associated with sexual looseness ¿Ã‚ ½ in Victorian England (Spencer 210). Despite Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s seeming virtue, there are indications that her sexuality is on the verge of asserting its appetites throughout the early portions of the novel. This blooming sexuality is what makes her susceptible to vampiric attack. As Lucy succumbs to Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s advances, she comes to resemble the vampire women encountered by Harker. Her sexuality becomes more blatant as her vampirism progresses. When she is dying, she speaks to Arthur in a  ¿Ã‚ ½soft, voluptuous voice, ¿Ã‚ ½ a phrase which recalls the voluptuousness of the three female vampires in Castle Dracula (Stoker 237). Her initiation into the vampire group becomes complete when Van Helsing notes that the two bite marks on her neck have completely disappeared (Stoker 235). Later, Stoker describes vampiric Lucy as moving with a  ¿Ã‚ ½voluptuous grace ¿Ã‚ ½ and having a  ¿Ã‚ ½wanton smile ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 310). She has become the aggressive female through contact with Dracula. Lucy is now fully endowed with masculine appetites and, like the fanged women Harker encountered, she is acting as a dominant presence over males. She has become monstrous and unnatural, which is in keeping with the Victorian idea of  ¿Ã‚ ½the sexualization of woman as deformation ¿Ã‚ ½ (Craft 120). This unnaturalness is also emphatically underscored by her rejection of the mother role typically associated with women during this time period. Instead of nursing the child  ¿Ã‚ ½clutched strenuously to her breast, ¿Ã‚ ½ she feeds from it, slowly killing it (Stoker 310). Dracula is to blame for Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s metamorphosis into a monstrosity,  ¿Ã‚ ½for he is the ultimate social adulterer, whose purpose is nothing if it is not to turn good Englishwomen like Lucyaway from their own kind and customs ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stevenson 140). However horrifying Lucy ¿Ã‚ ½s transformation might have been to a Victorian audience, Mina Harker ¿Ã‚ ½s aborted metamorphosis would have been even more horrible. As Van Helsing says,  ¿Ã‚ ½she is one of God ¿Ã‚ ½s women, fashioned by His own hand ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 277). Mina seems to fit the ideal of the Victorian Woman, as a virtuous, devout, almost asexual individual. While she sometimes acts as the quiet organiser of the men, she is generally meek and servile to their wishes, for example, she learns typing and short-hand with the main motive of being of use to her future husband Jonathan. Stoker never reveals anything detailed about Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s physical appearance, and she seems to be an object of adulation rather than desire. Mina acts as more of a mother figure to Jonathan,  ¿Ã‚ ½nursing him through his illness. ¿Ã‚ ½ The motherly-wife and nurtured husband were considered the ideal spouses in Victorian England (Spencer 216). Mina is quite literally the Angel in the House, or the ideal Woman embodied. Yet even the ideal demonstrates vulnerability when forced into an overtly sexual situation. Mina, through no fault of her own, becomes subject to Dracula ¿Ã‚ ½s advances, yet seems to take some enjoyment in them despite her horror. During her last encounter with the Count, as he drank from her neck, she admitted that she  ¿Ã‚ ½did not want to hinder him ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 425). This desire for the Count would have been damnable to a Victorian audience, who saw sexual desire rather than sexual activity [as] ¿Ã‚ ½the true source of danger ¿Ã‚ ½ (Spencer 217). Although Mina never makes the full transformation into the aggressive, sexualized female vampire, there are aspects of her character that bend gender expectations a bit. Specifically, Dr. Van Helsing remarks upon her level of intelligence numerous times as being abnormal for a young woman. When Mina tells Van Helsing that she can inform him all about what happened to Lucy, he remarks,  ¿Ã‚ ½Ah, then you have a good memory for facts, for details? It is not always so with young ladies ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 269). He also repeatedly calls her,  ¿Ã‚ ½you so clever woman ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 269). If a learned man such as Van Helsing compliments Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s intelligence, then it might be safe to assume that men did not expected to encounter a woman with such common sense during the Victorian era. As Van Helsing puts it,  ¿Ã‚ ½[Mina] has a man ¿Ã‚ ½s brain ¿Ã‚ ½a brain that a man should have were he much gifted ¿Ã‚ ½ (Stoker 345). To a certain extent, Mina is becoming a modern woman by demonstrating her intelligence and therefore somewhat defying the gender stereotype of women being inferior to men. However, she doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t pose any really threat to the dominant male as she uses her intelligence to help others on a divine mission rather than furthering her own interests, a Victorian audience could perhaps accept this inversion of gender roles. Like Lucy, Mina become contaminated by Dracula and slowly becomes deracinated, growing more like a vampire and less like an Englishwoman. However, before her transformation is complete, Dracula is killed and Mina is re-assimilated into English society with little difficulty, providing a happy ending for the Victorian audience. Both Lucy and Mina are introduced in the novel as embodiments of the Victorian woman ideal, a role of purity and femininity. However, when the women begin to transform into vampires, they are seen to take on traditional male roles, which undoubtedly horrified the Victorian reader. However, neither of these two women are allowed any agency; even through their  ¿Ã‚ ½infidelities ¿Ã‚ ½, they play the passive role, Lucy asleep while blood is pumped from each man into her, and Mina ¿Ã‚ ½s seduction described in terms of  ¿Ã‚ ½forcing a kitten ¿Ã‚ ½s nose into a saucer of milk to compel it to drink ¿Ã‚ ½. It is Dracula, the monstrous, foreign creature that is blamed for the corruption of Lucy and Mina. The role of the Victorian man is clear here, as the vampire hunters act out what they feel is their duty  ¿Ã‚ ½ to rescue their women from the clutches of Dracula and vampirism and return them to holiness. They return their women to their rightful place and re-establish proper roles, by a violent  ¿Ã‚ ½staking ¿Ã‚ ½ Lucy. This metaphorical rape, repeated by Van Helsing with the three Transylvanian vampires,  ¿Ã‚ ½re-establishes normative models of both gender and history ¿Ã‚ ½, imposing male reason on female sexuality, with the women  ¿Ã‚ ½grat eful and passive toward their brave male deliverer ¿Ã‚ ½. In Carmilla, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu takes the tradition male power role and gives it to the women, while Stoker, in Dracula, repossesses the female body for pleasure and exchange and puts the power back in the hands of men. In Carmilla we meet a woman who bears angelic features in her outward appearance only. At first, she seems to be the ideal companion for Laura fulfilling all Victorian claims. The homosocial bond between women served patriarchy to keep women whom they treated rather as objects than as individual beings with a will of their own out of the so-called male business. As the idea of the new woman with their social, political, and sexual freedom was feared in society, Carmilla is feared by Laura ¿Ã‚ ½s father as soon as he notices her dangerous potential. The role of the female vampire identifies and challenges gender roles of women in the Victorian age, as well as symbolise New Women. Carmilla, goes even further in its defiance of the male/female heterosexual norm by featuring a lesbian relationship between its two main characters, only made possibly through the vampirism and supernatural nature of the story. It is through Carmilla and Laura ¿Ã‚ ½s homosexual relationship that they are able to gain freedom from male dominance and a patriarchal society. Besides marriage, becoming a vampire is one of the only ways that female sexuality is licensed in the Victorian era. While Bram Stoker ¿Ã‚ ½s Dracula has laid the foundations for the horror genre of film and literature, it also provides some interesting social commentary about Victorian England. In particular, the female characters and their relationships to the issues of sexuality, gender roles, and nationality are very revealing about the anxieties of the times. In their full and partial transformation into vampires, Lucy and Mina lose their feminine passivity and innocence and are expected to become like the highly sexualised and immoral succubi trio. They go from being sweet and pure Victorian women (female victims) to being  ¿Ã‚ ½languorous[ly] voluptuous ¿Ã‚ ½ and  ¿Ã‚ ½carnal and unspiritual ¿Ã‚ ½ New Women (female vampires). This is precisely the perceived danger represented by the New Woman. However, because Mina is never fully transformed and manages to be restored to her role as a Victorian woman, it can be concluded that Lucy better represents the New Woman archetype as she completes the transition to vampire and in doing so gains sexual and social freedom from the constraints on women in Victorian society.

Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles

In today’s society not everyone has heard of the theory of multiple intelligences however most people have heard of learning styles. Even in the education field, educators may not be able to correctly define both. Are multiple intelligences and learning styles two different names of the same thing? This paper will discuss their differences and similarities. According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) â€Å"Multiple Intelligences addresses what is taught, while learning style addresses how it is taught, and in what context† (p. 11).Learning style research has evidenced that any content can be mastered when taught through students' strengths. The Oxford dictionary defines Intelligence as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The word intelligence is derived from the Latin verb intelligere meaning to comprehend or perceive. The word intelligence was first used in the 14th century. Early beliefs in intelligence stated that intelligence could be tested wit h a series of questions and the higher a person scored the more intelligent that person was believed to be.The first intelligence test used was developed by psychologist Alfred Binet in 1904 (Wade & Tarvis, 2012). The first intelligence tests used were used for the purpose of identifying slow children in school. Binet’s intelligence test tested the mental age of children. In 1905 Binet and his colleague Theordore Simon developed a test that measured memory, vocabulary and perceptual discrimination.Later a scoring system was developed to determine the intelligence quotient based on mental age and chronological age. The early intelligence quotient test did have some flaws and the scoring system did not work well for adults so today’s intelligence quotient tests are scored differently than the beginning of the intelligence quotient tests. Multiple intelligences is a theory developed by Howard Gardner in 1983 that shows that mathematics and language were not the only way t o test intelligence.Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory rejected the traditional and long-held view that aptitude consists solely of the ability to reason and understand complex ideas (Edutopia Staff, 2009). Gardner based his theory on previous physiological studies and had no empirical research to support his theory. Even without research to support the theory, his theory still has popular support. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences states that there are at least nine different kinds of intelligences.These are the nine different kinds of intelligences, Linguistic: talent for reading, poetry and all things literary and linguistic; Logical-mathematical: talent for math and science; Spatial/visual: talent for images, drawings, construction games and tactile puzzles; Kinesthetic: talent for using a person’s whole body or parts of the body, activities that involve touch and movement; Interpersonal: talent for working with others; Intrapersonal: talent for understanding oneself; Naturalistic: talent for the natural world, plants, animals, and rocks; and Existential: talent for understanding philosophically and theoretically.Learning styles are the preferred style of learning that a person believes works the best for that person to gain knowledge based on their strengths, weaknesses and preferences. Learning styles are sometimes called learning preferences. â€Å"So, a learning style is a preferred way of learning and studying; for example, using pictures instead of text; working in groups as opposed to working alone; or learning in a structured rather than an unstructured manner† (Pritchard, 2009, p. 41). There are three learning style: Auditory: prefer to learn by hearing; Visual: prefer to learn by seeing; and Kinesthetic: prefer to learn by doing.According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) learners are influenced by twenty one elements although not all learners are affected by all 21, most are affected by six to fourteen elements. These twenty one elements that affect learners are classified into five different variables: Psychological: perceptual, intake, time and mobility; Environmental: sound, light, temperature and design; Emotional: motivation, persistence, responsibility and structure; Sociological: self, pair, peers, team, adult and varied and Physiological: global/analytic, hemisphericity, and impulsive/reflective.By identifying each learners learning style teachers and learners can capitalize on the learner’s strengths and weaknesses. Most learners have a primary learning style however it may not be the only learning style that learner has. Some learners have a secondary learning style which can be used to reinforce initial learning. Pritchard (2009) found there is a possible drawback to helping children to identify their particular learning style: if a child is given a particular learning stylelabel, it is possible that they will center their learning on this one approach to learnin g and even refuse to work in other modes. Many people believe that Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles are the same thing just worded differently. The main difference between multiple intelligences and learning styles is multiple intelligences addresses what is learned and learning styles address how it is learned. Multiple intelligences and learning styles are similar in that both are that both are individualized to each learner.It is important to understand the differences and similarities of multiple intelligences and learning styles so that each person can understand what works best for them and how they learn. The process by which people learn is different from person to person. This paper was used to highlight general intelligence, the types of multiple intelligences and learning styles. Multiple intelligences and learning styles vary greatly from person to person. Each person should figure out how they learn for their best opportunity for effective and lasting learning . A one size fits all approach to learning will never work for all learners.

Debenhams Strategy Analysis

A recent improvement in the wider market has boosted the retailer by almost 30% since the start of 2012, taking the shares towards the upper band of the downward channel. On 8. Xx earnings the valuation remains undemanding, but the relative valuation in comparison to the sector has narrowed recently. Furthermore, it doesn't have the tangible asset backing relating to property that many of the other major retailers have. Recent restructuring has reduced their net debt to IEEE. Million, but this still represents almost half the market capitalization.Many analysts are forecasting little pre-tax profit growth over the next few years and given the vulnerable technical outlook combined with possible downside macro-economic shocks, which is believed to be a stock to avoid in the short-term. Despite this environment, Deadbeats has taken market share in all of the major clothing categories as customers have responded favorably to the changes made to the design, quality and value of their prod ucts and the improved in- store environment. Overall, share of Deadbeats of the total clothing market increased by 0. %.Yips Triangle Internationalization – might be defined as a geographical dispersion activities across national borders or world widely connection. For instance, products that have been made or purchased abroad and been sold at home country. Industry Globalization Drivers * Cotton price rises * Growth potential in a market * Consumer uncertainty over Job cuts and income prospects share from Arcadia, Deadbeats and Next * M;S took * Multi-channel retailing Increase in market share * Declining conversion rates the new store acquisitions successfully Departure of key personnel and failure * to attract or retain talentFailure to develop and implement roll out or Industry Globalization Drivers – According to Yip (1992) there are four sets of factors such as cost, market, government and competitive drivers which affect company and drive the business towards th e internationalization. Deadbeats' Industry Globalization Drivers: * Cost Driver – Increased cost of product development relative to market life. For example, in 2010 Deadbeats has played down fears that its clothing will cost more because of cotton price rises.Floods in China and Pakistan have severely hit crops, pushing up wholesale prices to a 1 5-year high. According to chief executive of Deadbeats Pl. Rob Templeton cotton prices are only part of the equation. Prices are up 4% and volume is down 2%. What is driving inflation is Force (currency markets). Although high street retailer Deadbeats tried to calm fears, saying the harvest in India – the world's second biggest cotton producer – was expected to be very good, the company started looking for alternatives. * Market Driver – Growth potential in a market.Recently company has been very focused on looking at Deadbeats' price points. So what they have been doing over the last few months is consolidati ng some of Deadbeats' supply chain, reviewing where they are buying room and how they buy and, in some cases, lowering cost prices. In addition, high street retailer has revealed half-year pre-tax profits of El 20. Mm, a rise of 17. 9%. The boost to figures has helped by the opening of four new stores and the acquisition of Denmark leading department store chain Managing du Nor. Government Driver – Consumer uncertainty over Job cuts and income prospects. In 2010 September, Deadbeats were cutting prices by up to 25% rather than waiting for the traditional end of season sale. The main reason for those reductions was that Government spending cuts were still shaking consumer confidence. The BRB (British Retail Consortium) warned the growth figures were flattered by a dismal performance in August 2009 – the worst in the second half of that year. Even though, company was pushed to look for a place in other markets. Competitive Driver – Rise of ‘lead' companies. In 2002, Deadbeats shares fell 10 to IPPP as the market was slightly disappointed with the company's current trading figures where like-for-like sales grew by PC for the first six weeks of the second half. According to Luck Evenhanded, M&S chairman and chief executive during February and March M&S outperformed everyone else on the high street. The company took share from Arcadia, Deadbeats and Next. This situation pushed Deadbeats, which has 97 stores, to open another four in the next financial year.Global strategic levers look at strategic decision making process via which company participates in the global market. This model includes the latter market participation, variety of products and services, location of value added activities and competitive moves. Multi-channel retailing Deadbeats makes use of multiple retail channels to reach the end market. Besides the brick-and-mortar stores, Deadbeats offers its merchandise through an online store, www. Beams. Com. In the first half o f 2011, the company introduced a Euro- denominated website for the Republic of Ireland.Management and Organizational Factors Departure of key personnel and failure to attract or retain talent Recently Deadbeats faces significant delays and prevent achievement of business plans. In order to attract and retain talent, both succession and personal development plans are in place throughout the organization. In addition, target-led, performance-related incentive schemes exist. Even though, skilled and well-educated labor is not that easy to get, so Deadbeats are forced to develop and look for it in different sectors. Annoys MatrixMathematician and business manager Igor Annoys looks at alternative corporate growth strategies, which examines a company's growth opportunity from both market perspective and product or service perspective. Market penetration * Despite the current economic climate and competition, Deadbeats maintains and is expanding clothing space and productivity ( own, desig ners label and concession) between 2009/10 and 2011/12 through refurbishments and acquisitions both in the I-J and abroad (franchise and delivery services), competitive pricing (drastic sale promotions), advertising (Multiplicand – websites, APS and TV

Free Essays on The 1960s

Free Essays on The 1960\'s After the 1960’s another extraordinary and well known period known as the Sixties, had both a positive and negative affect on society. John F. Kennedy youngest president to be elected was a Democrat from Massachusetts who promised â€Å"to get America moving again†. Other positive influences such as the civil rights movement outlawed discrimination in public accommodations, housing, and jobs; increased federal power to prosecute civil rights abuses. Specialized programs such as the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress offered economic assistance. United States race with the Soviet Union in science and technology took further advances. Beside from these positive affects negative changes took place. Political assassinations, Cuban missile crisis, and discrimination based on color of skin reduced the accomplishments that could have taken place. In my opinion sports and games wasn’t very prominent in the 60’s, but rather a thing people did and watched to enjoy themselves. At first baseball, boxing, and football was something everyone was into and did. It was in the 60’s when basketball became recognized. Wilt Chamberlain was basketball's unstoppable force, the most awesome offensive force the game has ever seen. If asked to name the greatest players ever to play basketball, most fans would put Wilt Chamberlain at or near the top of the list. In boxing, Paterson vs. Linston was one of the outstanding matches ever seen and heard. Skiing was also a new sport, and in this Jackie Kennedy was the first woman to ski. Car racing was also another hobby for people in the 60’s. In baseball, 1962, Jackie Robinson the first black American to play in major league baseball was placed in the Baseball Hall of Fame for his talent. John F. Kennedy was described as rich, optimistic, one who had a good sense of humor and strong sense of found. The election in 1960 John F. Kennedy vs. Richard M. Nixon was televised to 70 million viewers. Because JK...

buy custom War with Spain essay

buy custom War with Spain essay The Spanish-American War took place in 1898. It was a short-lived conflict between United States and Spain. This War was an indirect consequence of Spanish policies in Cuba. The immediate and the underlying causes were however various. Immediate and Underlying Causes Spanish-American War The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor is one among the immediate causes of the War Spanish-American War (Streich, 2009). The cause of the explosion was never clearly established and proven. However, it was, to a large extent, attributed to Spanish mine by the American press. The exaggerated reports about the events that unfolded in the wake to the War also anned the War. The news reports quickly interpreted the War as an attack on U.S. by Spain. The U.S. was very determined to protect its business interest in Cuba. It therefore joined the Cuban rebels against Spain to fight for their independence. This was the major underlying cause of the War. The U.S. pursued this interest by supporting the Cuban rebels to get independence from Spain (Streich, 2009). The Cuban insurgents won the sympathy of America. However, U.S. intervention worsened its relationship with Spain. The U.S. was greatly moved owing to the fact that it incurred heavy losses in terms of its investments in Cuba due to the guerilla warfare. This thus pushhed the U.S. to rise against Spain. Spanish-American War a Splendid Little War The U.S. Secretary of State referred to the Spanish-American conflict as a splendid little war. This was partly because he considered the War to be unnecessary since there were diplomatic options of ending the War and Spain had also made several concessions to end the War. However, this statement was also made out of the fact that U.S. was rising to be the worlds super-power. Confronting the Spanish to give the Cuban rebels their desired independence was therefore a simple task that only called for declaration of War against Spain. Buy custom War with Spain essay

Project Schedule Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Schedule - Assignment Example Following are few types of dependencies that are used on Precedence Diagramming Method (Sanghera 2008):- Requirement Gathering Phase Task 1 and Task 2 must be finished before the Task 3 is started. Thus these tasks have a finish to start relationship. Similarly, Task 3 must be finished before Task 4 and Task 5, again indicating a finish to start relationship. Design Phase Task 4 and Task 5 must be finished before Task 6, indicating a finish to start relationship. Task 7 can start immediately after Task 5 has been finished. Thus it has a finish to start relationship with Task 5 and start to start relationship with Task 6. Development and Testing Phase Task 8 and Task 9 must be started after Task 7 is finished. Thus these have a finish to start relationship. Similarly, Task 10 can start when Task 7 has been finished. Also Task 10 precedes Task 12. All showing a finish to start relationship. Deployment and Testing Phase Task 14 must be started after completion of Task 18. Also Task 12 and Task 14 must be completed prior to starting the Task 15. Also Task 13 and Task 15 must be finished before Task 16 is started. Task 17 must start when Task 12 is finished and Task 8 must be finished before Task 18 is started. All the tasks indicate a finish to start relationship. Project Schedule is shown on the next page in form of Project Network Diagram. The red lines indicated the project critical path while blue lines show dependencies on non-critical paths. The total duration of the project is 192 days. Project Management Institute (2008) defines crashing in its PMBOK as a specific technique for project schedule compression performed, after analyzing and identifying the best compromise between project time and cost, to achieve schedule compression for greatest extent and least increment in cost. For example, if the project has a negative float i.e., estimated

LL1014C CRIMINAL LAW I Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

LL1014C CRIMINAL LAW I - Case Study Example Murder is the specific intent crime and manslaughter is the basic intent crime. If he does not convicted under murder then he will be charged under constructive manslaughter. A person will be liable for murder if he unlawfully killing a reasonable person who is in being under the Queen's Peace with intention to kill [Moloney1, Cunningham 2, Vickers 3] or intention to cause grievous bodily harm [DPP v Smith 4], [Saunders 5]. Murder is unlawful homicide committed with 'malice aforethought' with the penalty of mandatory life imprisonment. 'Malice aforethought' describes the mens rea for a conviction of murder. In this question, Alan's intention was to kill Clive and Betty. May be he will charged under murder. However, if Alan does not convicted under murder then he will be charged under constructive manslaughter. The substance of this offence is that if he kills Clive in the course of doing an unlawful act or constructive manslaughter provided such act is not justified. Thus the 'unlawful act' must satisfy the criteria. Unlawful act must be more than merely negligent act (Andrew v DPP6). In Andrew, D had been driving dangerously s when he killed the deceased. Dennis, an old friend from the pub, staggers over to Alan and gives him a hard slap on the back. Alan stumbles whilst pulling the trigger and shoots a paraffin lamp on the bar. It ignites and the pub catches fire. The prosecution must prove that the death was caus... Alan may claim that Dennis's act was breaking the chain of causation. He can argue that his act was not legal cause of Clive or Betttty's death. However, the landlord of the pub, Ed, has piled beer crates in front of the fire exits so the only escape is through a narrow door. Clive dies in the fire and Betty collapses in the attempted escape. The accused conduct must be a sine qua non of the prohibited consequence. In R v White7 put cyanide in his mother's drink with intent to kill her later his mother was found dead with the glass containing the poisoned drink beside her three parts full. Medical evidence established that she had died of heart failure and not from poisoning. D was acquitted of murder as he had not caused her death and thus there was no actus reus. He was however, convicted of attempted murder. But here Alan's act is legal cause of Clive's death and Dennis's act did not break the chain of causation. Section 1(1) of the Criminal Damage Act 1971 provides that a person who without lawful excuse destroys or damages any property belonging to another intending to destroy or damage any such property or being reckless as to whether any such property would be destroyed or damaged shall be guilty of an offence. Section 1 (3) creates the offence of statutory arson-an offence committed by destroying or damaging property by fire. For the offence to be complete some property must be destroyed or damaged by fire. The damage may of course be quite insignificant (it would be enough, for example, that wood charged) In Cf Parkker8, the court held that no visible flame is necessary. In the Goodfellow9, D was convicted of

Liyuan Stanford 19970 5-6 days services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Liyuan Stanford 19970 5-6 days services - Essay Example My determination kept inspiring me to get across the challenge and thus I identified a new trend in folk dance featuring a leader who was taller than others in which I could easily fit in. When it came to my passion in modeling, height turned to be a limiting factor once again, but this time in the reverse order. I identified my role as a coach and a team builder which helped others also to chase their dreams as I established university’s first modeling association. These experiences made me understand the necessity to search for higher values in each and everything you do in life. The endless competition in the job market has frozen the ethics behind the professional endeavors as many people experience a lifelong tug-of-war between professional success and these ethics. But for me career has higher purpose than mere money and reputation. I have always looked on to my mother who for ever stood for her values. .While she created profit-making enterprises during the open policy in the late 1970s, her prime aim was to help many middle aged Chinese women gain independence. It was the search for the higher values and morals which persuaded her to close her companies to rejoin the state-owned enterprise to help it survive a major transformation in the Chinese national economy. As being an early-driver of venture capital in China, I too believe that capital can be successfully combined with the search for social transformation .I have proved this by helping socially beneficial initiatives to have a higher growth by utilizing the possibilities of venture capital. More than money and economic sharing, charity should have a higher purpose. Since 2003, I assisted Net 263 CEO with his 10-year project, which had built 100 Hope Schools to ensure support and education to children who are deprived of the basic rights of schooling and other facilities. Rather than the capital involved in the charity, what

English Dominance Essay Example for Free

English Dominance Essay English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Globally around 380 million people speak English as their first language, 250 million use it as their second language, and 1 billion are in the process of learning it and about one third of the global population are affected by it one way or the other. By the year 2050 it is forecasted that around a half of the world will be able to communicate properly in English. (Pennycook A. 1994) English is on its way to become a dominant global language. The language has developed to become the language of use in international trade, international science conferences, and global politics. The predominant usage of English has gone further to affect international and regional organizations such as World Bank, European Union, and other multinational companies. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) English dominance originated from political suppression and economical manipulation by Britain and United States. Some policies of international organization such as World Bank have served to propagate the dominance of English in developing countries (Keal, P 1983). However, the most important factor that has led English to become such a globally spoken language is the emergence of United States of America as a ‘world super power’ a nation that uses English as its major language of communication. (Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002). Since the United States and Britain dominate in the international organizations such as World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations (UN), World Trade Organization (WTO) and so on, this has influenced such worldwide entities to use English as a major language of communication. ((Brutt-Griffler, J. 2002) The use of English as the dominant language in these organizations has generated enormous benefits especially in the ease of operation. However it has not been smooth sailing has a myriad of controversies have continued to emerge because of the same dominance. (Keal, P 1983). â€Å"Linguistic dominance has its origins in conquest, military and political subjugation, and economic exploitation. The role of language in imperial expansion has been a central element of the europeanisation of the world† (Robert P) This view has continued to emerge in many forums where most nations (especially the non-English speaking) have constantly objected to the dominance of English because it has been seen as a way of â€Å"Europeanizing† others. (Robert P) The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze both the benefits and costs with the purpose of establishing the direction the organizations are likely to take in this thorny and controversial issue. Benefits of English language in International organizations Communication This is perhaps the greatest benefit that the domination of English has brought to almost all world bodies. Having one language as a â€Å"lingua franca† facilitates or breaks down the communication barriers. (Gary C) Members of such bodies like the United Nation, the World Bank are able to communicate easily despite the fact that they come from different countries and cultural backgrounds. In fact most delegates of European Union and common wealth are able to speak English as their second language. What this means is that a Chinese is able to communicate effectively with a German national despite their cultural differences. (Edwards, J 1985). Because of globalization, there has come a need for faster communication tools and processes. Internet has played a significant role in speeding up the globalization phenomena because it is very fast and inexpensive. (UNESCO) The language that has dominated most of the Internet use is English slated at approximately 80% usage on the websites. This has enabled most of the international organization’s develop communication channels via the Internet that eases the mode and the cost of communication. The organizations have been able to implement most of their programs within specified period across the globe. (UNESCO) Up to 700,000,000 people speak English language across the globe, what this means is that almost all countries of the world have a sizeable number of people who are able to communicate in English. This makes it easier for the International organizations to operate and find employees in the respective countries, thereby lowering their payroll budgets because they do not have to employ expatriates who are normally very expensive to retain. A good example is the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) that is located in Kenya, Africa. The local citizens here speak English as the second language, and are competent in its use. (Martinez Cobo 1984). The organization has not had any problem in recruiting locally thereby saving a lot in the payroll budget. Fostering global peace The ability of many United Nations mediators to communicate in English coupled with the increased usage of English in many states of the world has enabled conflicts that arise between various states to be solved efficiently. In addition, many English speaking nations especially the members of the Common Wealth are able to establish strong diplomatic relationships with ease since language has not been a barrier. (Maurais J. Morris, M. A. 2003) Facilitating international business English as an international business language has facilitated commercial transactions among the member states of European Union, Common Wealth, and Association Of South East Asian Countries. This is more evident in the software market whereby many soft wares have been produced in English language. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) A good example of a country that can attest to the advantages of knowing how to speak in English is India. It has reaped enormous benefits in the global market from its citizen’s competence on spoken English. According to Rudby and Saraceni this has prompted nations like China to encourage its citizens to learn English language. Currently China has the largest number of people studying English and has made English compulsory from third grade. (Rudby, R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Sharing of information and ideas It is a requirement for scientists from different parts of the world to publish their findings in English language and thereby enabling any English speakers to be able to access a wide range of information from various experts and from different part of then world. Some scientists are also able to use these published reports as valuable inputs to their researches. Empowers the United Nations to address various problems in the world Enhanced communication resulting from the common usage of English by many countries of united nation has enabled such countries to put across their valuable contribution in solving current global issues like terrorism, famine and diseases. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Pre- dominance of English in Common Wealth countries enable the member countries to adopt policies geared towards ensuring efficient delivery of aid and other humanitarian services across the globe. (Rudby R. Saraceni, M. 2006) Negative effects of English dominance It has contributed to conflicts in the European Union Having a single language seems to be the most ideal and efficient solutions for the European Union but many members who do not come from Anglophone communities find such arrangement unacceptable. Current the language policy in the European Union grants every language an equal status whereby any language can be used to conduct meetings and translations are provided for other language speakers. (Robert P) However there is a provision to the extent that â€Å"the institution especially the preparatory committee of European Union may stipulate in their own rules of procedure which of the language to be used in each specific cases. † (Robert P) This has served to encourage some languages to become more dominant than others especially English which is frequently chosen in such situations. This has led members of major language speakers like French and German to fiercely protest fearing that their international status of their languages may be lowered. (Martinez Cobo 1984). There is also a growing concern among the non -English members of the European Union that English dominance is crossing over the boundaries of international organization to entrench itself to education and other sectors of the other countries. (Mary K. Flynn). Germany has been the most affected whereby English has became a general subject in primary schools of many states and has grown into official language of many companies and firms together with Germany. This has consequently resulted to a diminished status of the German language and criticism that imposing English as the first language to all pupils is against the concept of promoting cultural diversity in them. (Mary K. Flynn).

Women Of Ancient Greece Essay -- essays research papers

The Women of Greece: A Transition from Ancient Power to Classical Subservience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the most part, women in today's society hold a position equal to that of a man; however, this has not always been the case. Women?s conquest for political and social freedom is a battle that has gone on for centuries. Perhaps the breaking point in women?s liberation was the Women's Movement of the 1900's, which encouraged women all over America to join in the fight for their right to vote. Because of this struggle for equality, women are now able to vote, receive a standard of fairness in the workplace, hold political positions, and play professional sports, as well as a wide array of other privileges enjoyed by men. Unfortunately, these civil rights have not been made available to women worldwide. In some cultures, especially those of the Middle East, women have gained little if any rights at all since the societies of the past. In Greece, an almost opposite effect can be seen in its history in which women in their country went from being recognized as equals and above, to becoming a much weaker sex. This odd transition of status of Greek women is evident through the art, mythology, and philosophy of a much older Greece. Thus dominant role of women portrayed in Ancient Greek mythology and artwork is in direct contrast to the more subservient role of women during the classical era in Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Greece, otherwise known as the Archaic period (650-450 B.C.), was a time of great development for Greece. The first major developments in Greece were cities or towns and their surrounding villages called city-states(Greece 366). Much rivalry consisted between city-state residents which resulted in a great deal of patriotism for one?s city-state. Some of the best known city-states are Athens and Sparta (Greece 366).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this time of growth, numerous tyrants came into control of the city-states. These tyrants caused the people to become bitterly rebellious, which later ended in revolt and the birth of the first known democratic government (Greece 372).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  City-states were once again threatened by takeover in the 500?s B.C., when Persian kings tried to overrun the city-states; however, the city-states revolted against the Persian kings. These uprisings did nothing more ... ...n of the Classical period, which is illustrated throughout the artwork. Amazon women (refer to Plate 5), who were depicted as being able to fight with men, were greatly symbolic of women?s power in ancient Greece. In a painting from the House of Dioscurides (see Plate 12), Perseus slays the dragon to free Andromeda, which reveals the woman?s dependency on a man. When comparing artwork of the Classical and Archaic period, one can see the transition that these Grecian women went through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The struggle that some women have had to face for common rights that are enjoyed by women today is incredible. Many owe thanks, to those that have fought for civil rights so that equality can be enjoyed by everyone. Unfortunately, there are still many countries who suffer from a lack of true freedom. The transition that Greece went through in their attitude towards women is much different than any other cultures, in which women usually gain rights and respect not lose them. The woman portrayed in Archaic art, mythology and philosophy is one of power and grace, while the woman portrayed in Classical art, law and philosophy is one of subservience and weakness.

Mythology: Edith Hamilton Archetypes Essay

In the myth of Dionysus there isn’t exactly a conflict between two sides of people battling for good or evil, its more as a battle between the two sides of Dionysus’ inner self. Unlike most examples of good versus evil, there isn’t a triumphant side. Just the personality switches between Dionysus being the joy-god or the heartless, savage, brutal-god. The reason for this change is due to the fact that he is the vine god; Wine is bad as well as good. He’d bring up peoples hopes and make them believe that they were capable of anything, but once they were sober again or they became drunk, you could see his dark side begin to arise. The hopefulness would fade and then you could see the people transition into darkness. Symbolic Archetype: Water versus Desert In the story of Dionysus, there’s a part where he comes across a crew from a pirate ship in Greece by the sea. The sailors tried to capture him and saw him as a mortal, rather than the son of a god. In the end, Dionysus turned into a lion and turned all but one of the sailors into dolphins and sent them into the ocean. At this point in the story it shows the first glimpse at Dionysus’ ruthless side, almost as if they’re using this scene in the book at the birth of his â€Å"second side†, setting up the second view point of Dionysus’ personality for future conflicts. Character Archetype: The Outcast In the myth, Dionysus was born in Thebes, he was the son of Zeus and Theban princess Semele- he was the only god whose parents were not both immortal. Before Dionysus’ birth he was snatched from his mother and hidden by Zeus’ side, almost as if he was ashamed by Dionysus. Dionysus was passed from person to person, his mother, Zeus, Hermes, and then to the nymphs of Nysa to be raised. As he became a man, Dionysus became a wanderer, wandering far to weird and strange places. Throughout his life he was often shunned  because many didn’t see him to be as he was- a god. They treated him as a lesser being and in the majority of the myth he is set on proving that he is mighty and punishing those who face him with disbelief. Part Two: Stories of Love and Adventure Chosen Myth: Cupid and Psyche Situational Archetype: The Task Psyche was repeatedly put through seemingly impossible tests by Venus, such as sorting seeds, fetching golden wool, and going to the underworld to ask Proserpine for a box of her beauty. Venus put her through these unruly tasks in hopes to keep Psyche away from her son. But on the other hand, Psyche only completed these tasks due to the fact that she thought it would bring her to her love, Cupid. In the end, Cupid and Psyches love prevailed and Psyches ultimate goal of being with her husband was completed. Symbolic Archetype: Light versus Darkness The battle between light versus darkness can be seen when Psyche and Cupid are together in the cave with each other. Although to Cupid the darkness represented trust and faithfulness in his and Psyches relationship, to Psyche the darkness represented the unknown and fear of her husband being a serpent rather than the son of Venus. When Psyche was about to attack Cupid in the cave, she brought the factor of light into their relationship with the use of the candle. To Psyche, this use of light â€Å"confirmed her love† in the relationship, but also brought along the realization that she had upset Cupid with her lack of trust in the relationship. So all in all the battle of light versus darkness was really a battle of trust. Character Archetype: The Star-Crossed Lovers Unlike the play, Romeo and Juliet, Psyche and Cupid’s love affair didn’t end in tragedy, like the beginning of the myth would lead you to believe. In the myth, Venus’ followers began to shrink and more of the attention from her followers were focused upon Psyche because she was more beautiful than Venus. Venus ordered her son Cupid to make Psyche fall in love with pretty much a scumbag, but instead Cupid fell in love it Psyche. When they were  together Cupid hid himself from Psyche because he knew the repercussions that their love could have. They were two people destined to not be together with every obstacle in their way, but in the end they made it work. Part Three: The Great Heroes before the Trojan War Chosen Myth: Perseus Situational Archetype: Supernatural Intervention On Perseus’ journey for Medusa’s head it was very much expected that he would fail and die, which was Polydectes goal. But in the end he prevailed and completed the mission, due to the fact that he had the luck and support of the Gods on his side. Throughout his voyage he was aided by the support of Hermes and Athena. This can be seen in Perseus’ use of Athena’s shield and Hermes’ sword that he used to attack Medusa. Also, without the help of Hermes, Perseus wouldn’t have been able to find the nymphs of the North, whose gifts (winged sandals, magic wallet, and an invisible cap) also aided him in the defeat of Medusa. Symbolic Archetype: The Whirlpool In the beginning of the myth, Perseus’ grandfather, King Acrisius, was told by a priestess that his daughter would have a son and that her son would kill him. So Acrisius goes out of his way to rid himself of his daughter. He locks her in a castle in hopes that she won’t come across other people and become pregnant. Once he finds out that his daughter does have a son, Perseus, he locks them both into a chest and throws them into the sea. And even though King Acrisius goes through all of this to avoid his death, he learns that fate is unavoidable. In the end Perseus still kills him but rather on accident, not like Acrisius had imagined. So no matter what you do to avoid fate, it’ll happen. Character Archetype: The hero/heroine Throughout Perseus’ journey for Medusa’s head he experienced fluctuations in his motives for the head. He didn’t set himself onto the path of killing Medusa to be a hero, he did it in hopes of making Polydectes happy and giving his mother a nice engagement gift. But when he came back to the  island after the mission and realized that it was in shambles, he used the gifts he got from the gods and Medusa’s head to bring happiness to the island. By turning Polydectes and his followers into stone he freed the people and rid them of their tyrant leader. Thus becoming the hero to the islanders. Part Four: The Heroes of the Trojan War Chosen Myth: The Trojan war Situational Archetype: The Unhealable Wound In the Trojan War the unhelable wound represents both physical and psychological wounds. The first was the start of all of the rest, the kidnapping of Helen from Menelaus, her father, by Aphrodite and Paris. The loss of his daughter brought an unbelievable amount of pain onto the King, driving him to drastic measures, such as war. Also, this archetype can be seen in the sacrificing of Iphigenia, the eldest daughter of the Commander in Chief, Agamemnon. By having to kill his own beloved daughter it brought grief upon him that would linger throughout the war. When the Greek ships reached the rivers of Troy there was a man named Protesilaus, he was the first man to leap ashore, and also the first man to die. His wife, Laodamia, was so sickened with sadness at the loss of her husband that she killed herself just so she could go to the underworld with him; Showing that she felt that she could never be happy without her husband. Another example is when the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon sparked over Agamemnon’s prize of honor, Chryseis. Agamemnon’s prize of honor had to be returned and then he ordered his men to steal Briseis, Achilles’ prize of honor. Achilles became so upset over the turning of his own men that he spent his days in his tent wrapped in sorrow. Throughout this myth there were countless of other examples of unhelable wounds like the loss of Hector, the relationships between the gods, the loss of Patroclus, and the abuse of Hectors dead body. Symbolic Archetype: Haven versus Wilderness This archetype can be seen in the comparison of the war versus taking refuge in the tents. You’d think after Achilles’ prize of honor taken away from him and he stayed back at camp rather than fighting in the war that his  haven would be the tents and the wilderness would be the war. But it was just the opposite of that. When Achilles was in the tents he was consumed with despair. When he finally got vengeance for Patroclus death, he was himself once again. Bringing him back into battle made him whole again and brought balance back to the war. Character Archetype: The Damsel in Distress The Trojan War was centered around two sides, the Greeks and the Trojans, fighting over one person- Helen. Helen was the fairest woman in the world, and Paris was promised her as his wife by Aphrodite. The problem with that being that the role of Helen’s husband was already being championed off by her father, Menelaus, to powerful families in the area. Paris was then responsible for kidnapping Helen, thus causing Menelaus to call the Greeks together and start a war with the Trojans to save the damsel in distress, his daughter. In the view of Menelaus, the heroes were the Greeks fighting to save his daughter and the villains were the Trojans. Part Five: The Great Families of Mythology Chosen Myth: The Royal House of Thebes Situational Archetype: The Fall In the start of the city of Thebes, it was blessed with prosperity and wisdom by the gods, but by its â€Å"end† it had experienced some of the worst hardships known to man. When Cadmus and Harmonia, the founders of Thebes, fled from the city to Illyria, the couple was turned into serpents by the gods. They were turned due to their fate, not because of punishment. Their fate was proof of that the innocent suffered as much as the guilty. They turned from the rulers of a great city into serpents. This archetype is also seen in the sub story of Oedipus. In the beginning Oedipus kills the Sphinx and is then made the King of Thebes. In the end, after the truth is revealed about his life, he begins a transition from light to darkness. He becomes blind and then his uncle/brother in law and his sons expel him from the city and he lives the rest of his life in penalty for crimes he wasn’t aware he was committing. Symbolic Archetype: Numbers In the House of Thebes you repeatedly see the use of numbers in the work, such as the numbers five and seven. The number seven is seen in the amount of champions that attack the gates and the seven champions that protect it. The number seven represents the completion of the cycle, and throughout the myth the importance of the seven is burying the seven dead warrior’s bodies. By burying their bodies it brings peace to the community and restores the balance. Character Archetype: Young person from the provinces The hero, Oedipus, was separated from his family as an infant because an oracle had told his father that someday his son would kill him. He was raised away from Thebes, by King Polybus in Corinth. As an adult Oedipus returned to Thebes and overnight became their hero. In Thebes there was an issue with a Sphinx, and for the Sphinx to surrender and kill herself a riddle had to be solved. Seeing the riddle in a new light, Oedipus solved the riddle and freed the people of Thebes from the Sphinx. They made Oedipus their king and for quite some time he ruled the area peacefully. Part Six: The Less Important Myths Chosen Myth: Midas- And Others Situational Archetype: The Initiation In the myth about Pomona, all she cares about are her fruits and orchids. Rather than her coming to a realization about her problems, she came to a realization about love. No matter the man, she was never interested in them because she felt that her plants were enough. She encountered the epiphany when Vertumnus finally revealed his true identity after kissing her and telling her how much he loved her. Once she saw him in the light of who he really was she saw her calling, to be with him and garden together. Symbolic Archetype: The Crossroads The Danaids were the daughters of Danaus, and in the myth his fifty daughters were being forced to marry their 50 cousins, Danaus’ brother, Aegyptus’, fifty sons. Throughout the myth they sisters were trying to avoid  marrying their cousins, but at some point the wedding between them arrived. The crossroads, symbolizes their fathers decision to tell the girls to kill their husbands after they got married. Because of this decision all but one of his daughters were sentenced to life in hell. And Danaus punished the one daughter who didn’t follow his orders. Because of this one choice the daughters fate was changed forever. Character Archetype: The Temptress Usually when you think of a temptress you imagine a hero falling for a girl, and then the girl is the source of his wrong doings, almost as if she urged him to do it. But in this case, it was a little different. Glaucus was a fisherman who was then turned intoa sea-god. Glaucus was in love with a nymph, Scylla. He did everything in his power to try and make her love him. But one day, he went to Circe for a love potion in hopes that it’d make the wonderful Scylla fall for him. But instead, Circe fell in love with him and used a vile of potion to turn Scylla into a monster. So because of Scylla’s beauty and Glaucus’ love for her, his downfall was the jealousy of others centered around love. It’s almost as if you combined Circe and Scylla’s characters into one and it’d form the perfect temptress. Part Seven: The Mythology of Norsemen Chosen Myth: The Stories of Signy and Sigurd Situational Archetype: The Quest Brynhild was a Valkyrie that was punished and put to sleep until some man shall crawl through the flaming fire and awake her. Brynhild wanted a man that was brave to rescue her and the man responsible for that was Sigurd, the son of Sigmund. He completes the journey of having to make his way through the flames with his horse. Once he reaches his end goal, awakening Brynhild, she gives herself to him because he had proved his worthiness and bravery through awakening her. Symbolic Archetype: Fire versus ice In the myth, fire is a reoccurring element. It first shows up when Signy’s children and husband are being burned and she allows herself to burn to  death. It pops up again Brinhild’s couch is surrounded with fire, a task for Sigurd to save her from. And again when Gudrun kills herself and prays to be laid on her husbands funeral pyre. So as you can see, fire is very much linked to life, rebirth, and death. Rebirth and death in the first scenario, birth of opportunities and love in the second, and death in the third. Character Archetype: Hunting Group of Companions Signy made such an effort to make sure she remained close to her family†¦.extremely close. She had a child with her brother, Sinfiotli. The three of them were most often very close together, a close knit family. Through their plans of revenge to avenge the dead they completed the deeds with one another. They were very support of one another and loving.